Volume 12, Issue 4 (December 2025)
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Original article
P. 243-262
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- The mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene served as a robust molecular marker for precise species identification in halal authentication.
- Integration of next generation sequencing and third generation sequencing enhanced the accuracy and scalability of halal verification.
- This framework promoted transparency, sustainability, and consumer trust in global halal supply chains.
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- Lactic acid bacteria growth was slower during acid fermentation under vacuum than in the conventional method.
- The pH decrease was also slower during acid fermentation under vacuum.
- The protein, phytic acid, and tannin contents of the beans significantly changed during the conventional acid fermentation method.
- The content of protein, phytic acid, and tannin did not significantly change during acid fermentation under vacuum.
- The trypsin inhibitor content did not change significantly during acid fermentation by either method.
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- Kinnow peel oil suppressed the proliferation of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, albeit with varying efficacy.
- The oil exhibited more antibacterial effect against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative pathogens.
- Limonene and precursors constituted the dominant constituents of the kinnow peel essential oil.
- The composition of the EO experienced slight alterations in response to storage period and temperature.
- Prolonged storage reduced the concentration of low molecular weight compounds within the essential oil.
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- Using the same drying method and duration, butternut squash flour that underwent osmotic dehydration exhibited lower moisture content.
- The flour prepared without osmotic dehydration retained relatively higher levels of beta-carotene and antioxidant activity.
- The samples that underwent osmotic dehydration before drying produced flour with the brightest color.
- Treatment with a salt solution during osmotic dehydration increased the heat resistance of the butternut squash flour.
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- Hypsizygus sp. fermentation produced bacteriocins-like inhibitory substance from the powerful Lactic Acid Bacteria strains ISL-2A and ISL-4G, which inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
- Bacteriocins-like inhibitory substance remained stable at pH 3–7 and up to 80 °C but lost sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes.
- Bacteriocins-like inhibitory substance showed potential as natural antimicrobials for food preservation.
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- A 15% extract concentration best maintained carp quality over a 36-hour room temperature storage period.
- TVB-N and protein levels remained within safe limits at 15% extract treatment.
- Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited at 15% and 35% extract concentrations.
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- The results showed that 51% of vegetables were free of intestinal parasitic contamination.
- Lettuce showed the highest incidence of contamination, with 32% of samples testing positive for intestinal parasites.
- White cabbage exhibited the lowest contamination level, with only 9% of samples affected.
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- A significant chi-square test requires post-hoc analysis to identify specific differences.
- Pairwise Z-tests effectively compare proportions between categories of a categorical variable.
- The Bonferroni correction controls for Type I error during multiple comparisons.
- This method provides clear identification of significant cells within contingency tables.
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