Volume 10, Issue 4 (December 2023)
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Original article
P. 178-188
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- The bacterial count in Baduy palm sugar was less than 30 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g.
- There was no growth of yeast or mold, and coliform in Baduy palm sugar.
- Two bacteria found in Baduy palm sugar were Bacillus megaterium and Kocuria koreensis.
- The heavy metals detected in Baduy palm sugar were under the limitation of the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis for Pb and As.
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- Fish and drinking water in Nsukka Metropolis were contaminated with Toxic Heavy Metals except Pb in water.
- Hg in roasted fish and Cd in both tap and plastic bottled water were in high concentrations exceeding the Maximum Permissible Limit.
- No carcinogenic risk was revealed for Toxic Heavy Metals via the consumption of contaminated fish unlike for Cd and As in drinking water.
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- Combined effect of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Amuniacum Gum (AMG), and Clove Essential Oil (CEO) on physical properties of CMC-AMG films was investigated.
- Optimization was aimed to maximize Whiteness Index, Ultimate Tensile Strength, and Strain at Break, and minimize total color difference (ΔE) values.
- Films with highest Ultimate Tensile Strength obtained with 5 g CMC, 1.5 g AMG, and 15% CEO.
- Highest Strain at Break achieved with 5 g CMC, 1 g AMG, and 30% CEO.
- Addition of CEO increased antimicrobial activity against Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, and Listeria.
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- The mean averages of moisture content, pH, and titratable acidity of halawet eljbin market samples were 45.5, 6.3, and 0.28%, respectively.
- Market halawet eljbin samples had mean aerobic plate, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and yeast and mold counts of 6.6, 6.8, and 3.2 log Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g, respectively.
- The mean average count of fecal coliforms in halawet eljbin market samples was 4.1 log CFU/g.
- The mean average count of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in halawet eljbin market samples was 2.0 log CFU/g.
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- Totally, 32 (21.3%) samples of raw traditional milk and one sample (6.7%) of pasteurized milk samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus.
- The frequency of presence of sea, seb, sec, and sed genes was: 9 (28.12%), 14 (43.75%), 6 (18.75%), 2 (6.25%), respectively.
- Totally 38 (33.25%) of raw traditional milk samples and 5 (33.33%) of pasteurized milk had antibiotic residue.
- Having a properly monitoring on the using of antibiotic in livestock farms is seen necessary.
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- Tetracycline and enrofloxacin in milk samples were lower than the maximum residue level advised.
- Prevalence of tetracycline and enrofloxacin residue in raw milk was higher than the pasteurized milk.
- Tetracycline and enrofloxacin residues in cow milk samples assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography methods.
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